Stainless simbi (Stainless Simbi)Chidimburidzo chesimbi isina asidhi isingadziviriri, uye mamakisi esimbi anoshingirira kune zvisina kusimba zvinoodza media zvakaita semhepo, chiutsi, mvura, kana zvine zvimiro zvesimbi zvinonzi simbi isina tsvina.
Izwi rokuti "simbi isina ngura" haingorevi rudzi rumwe chete rwesimbi isina tsvina, asi inoreva anopfuura zana emhando dzemaindasitiri esimbi isina tsvina, imwe neimwe ine mashandiro akanaka mundima yayo yekushandisa.
Iwo ese ane 17 kusvika 22% chromium, uye zviri nani simbi mamakisi anewo nickel.Kuwedzera molybdenum kunogona kuwedzera kunatsiridza ngura yemuchadenga, kunyanya kuramba kuonda mumhepo ine chloride ine mhepo.
一.Kurongeka kwesimbi isina tsvina
1. Chii chinonzi Stainless simbi uye acid-resistant simbi?
Mhinduro: Stainless simbi ndiyo chidimbu chesimbi isina acid-resistant simbi, iyo inoshingirira kune isina kusimba inoodza media semhepo, chiutsi, mvura, kana ine simbi isina tsvina.Magiredhi esimbi akaora anonzi masimbi anodzivirira acid.
Nekuda kwekusiyana kwemakemikari ekuumbwa kwezviviri, kushorwa kwavo kwekuora kwakasiyana.Stainless simbi yakajairwa kazhinji haimirire kumakemikari ari pakati pecorrosion, nepo acid-resistant simbi kazhinji isina tsvina.
2. Nzira yekuisa sei simbi isina tsvina?
Mhinduro: Zvinoenderana nemamiriro ehurongwa, inogona kupatsanurwa kuita martensitic simbi, ferritic simbi, austenitic simbi, austenitic-ferritic (duplex) simbi isina tsvina uye kunaya kunoomesa simbi isina tsvina.
(1) Martensitic simbi: yakakwirira simba, asi murombo plasticity uye weldability.
Magiredhi anowanzo shandiswa emartensitic stainless simbi ndeye 1Cr13, 3Cr13, zvichingodaro, nekuda kweiyo yakakwira kabhoni, ine simba rakawanda, kuoma uye kusapfeka kupfeka, asi iyo corrosion kuramba irombo zvishoma, uye inoshandiswa kune yakakwira michina zvinhu uye. corrosion resistance.Zvimwe zvikamu zvakajairwa zvinodikanwa, sezvitubu, mashizha emutsinga, hydraulic press valves, nezvimwe.
Iri rudzi rwesimbi rinoshandiswa mushure mekudzima uye kupisa, uye annealing inodiwa mushure mekugadzira uye kutsika.
(2) Ferritic simbi: 15% kusvika 30% chromium.Kupokana kwayo necorrosion, kusimba uye weldability kunowedzera nekuwedzera kwechromium, uye kuramba kwayo kune chloride stress corrosion iri nani pane mamwe marudzi esimbi isina tsvina, senge Crl7, Cr17Mo2Ti, Cr25, Cr25Mo3Ti, Cr28, nezvimwe.
Nekuda kweiyo yakakwira chromium yemukati, corrosion resistance uye oxidation kuramba yakanaka, asi michina yayo uye maitiro ekuita hazvina kunaka.Inonyanya kushandiswa kune acid-resistant zvimiro zvine kushushikana kudiki uye se anti-oxidation simbi.
Rudzi urwu rwesimbi runogona kuramba nekuora kwemhepo, nitric acid uye munyu mhinduro, uye ine hunhu hwekunaka kwepamusoro tembiricha oxidation kuramba uye diki yekupisa kwekuwedzera coefficient.Inoshandiswa mu nitric acid uye midziyo yefekitari yezvokudya, uye inogonawo kushandiswa kugadzira zvikamu zvinoshanda pakupisa kwakanyanya, zvakadai sezvikamu zvegasi turbine, nezvimwewo.
(3) Austenitic simbi: Iine zvinopfuura 18% chromium, uyewo ine anenge 8% nickel uye shoma molybdenum, titanium, nitrogen nezvimwe zvinhu.Kuita kwakanaka kwese, kushingirira mukuora nema media akasiyana.
Kazhinji, kugadziriswa kwekugadzirisa kunogamuchirwa, ndiko kuti, simbi inopisa kusvika 1050-1150 ° C, uye ipapo mvura-yakanyoroveswa kana mhepo yakanyoroveswa kuti iwane imwe-phase austenite chimiro.
(4) Austenitic-ferritic (duplex) simbi isina tsvina: Iine zvakanakira zvese austenitic uye ferritic Stainless simbi, uye ine superplasticity.Austenite uye ferrite imwe neimwe account kune inenge hafu yesimbi isina tsvina.
Panyaya yezvakaderera C zvemukati, iyo Cr yemukati ndeye 18% kusvika 28%, uye iyo Ni yemukati ndeye 3% kusvika 10%.Mamwe masimbi anewo alloying zvinhu zvakaita seMo, Cu, Si, Nb, Ti, uye N.
Mhando iyi yesimbi ine maitiro ezvose austenitic uye ferritic simbi isina tsvina.Kana ichienzaniswa neferrite, ine yakakwira plastiki uye kuoma, haina tembiricha yekamuri brittleness, yakanyanya kunatsiridza intergranular corrosion resistance uye welding performance, ichichengetedza simbi. .
Kuenzaniswa neaustenitic Stainless simbi, ine simba rakawanda uye yakanyanya kunatsiridza kuramba kune intergranular corrosion uye chloride stress corrosion.Duplex simbi isina tsvina ine yakanakisa pitting corrosion resistance uye zvakare iri nickel-saving stainless simbi.
(5) Kunaya kunoomesa simbi isina tsvina: iyo matrix ndeye austenite kana martensite, uye magiredhi anowanzoshandiswa emvura anoomesa simbi isina tsvina ndeye 04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al zvichingodaro.Isimbi isina tsvina inogona kuomeswa (kusimbiswa) nekunaya kwemvura kuomesa (inozivikanwawo sekuomesa zera).
Zvinoenderana nekuumbwa, yakakamurwa kuita chromium simbi isina tsvina, chromium-nickel simbi isina uye chromium manganese nitrogen simbi isina tsvina.
(1) Chromium Stainless simbi ine kumwe kupikisa corrosion (oxidizing acid, organic acid, cavitation), kusapisa kupisa uye kusapfeka, uye inowanzoshandiswa semidziyo yezviteshi zvemagetsi, makemikari, uye petroleum.Nekudaro, iyo weldability yakashata, uye kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune welding maitiro uye kupisa mamiriro ekurapa.
(2) Munguva yewelding, chromium-nickel simbi isina simbi inodzokororwa kudzokororwa kupisa kune precipitate carbides, izvo zvinozoderedza kushorwa kwekupokana uye michina zvinhu.
(3) Iyo simba, ductility, kuoma, kuumbwa, weldability, kupfeka kuramba uye corrosion kuramba kwechromium-manganese simbi isina tsvina zvakanaka.
二.Matambudziko akaoma mune Stainless simbi welding uye sumo yekushandiswa kwezvinhu uye midziyo
1. Nei kupinza simbi isina simbi kwakaoma?
Mhinduro: (1) Kupisa kwekunzwa kwesimbi isina tsvina kwakasimba, uye nguva yekugara mumhando yekushisa ye 450-850 ° C yakareba zvishoma, uye kupikisa kwehurosi ye weld uye nzvimbo inokonzerwa nekupisa ichaderedzwa zvakanyanya;
(2) kukurumidza kutsemuka inopisa;
(3) Kudzivirirwa kwakashata uye yakanyanya kupisa tembiricha oxidation;
(4) The linear yekuwedzera coefficient yakakura, uye iri nyore kugadzira hombe welding deformation.
2. Ndeapi matanho anoshanda ehunyanzvi anogona kutorwa kune welding austenitic Stainless simbi?
Mhinduro: (1) Nyatsosarudza welding zvinhu maererano nekemikari yesimbi yepasi;
(2) Fast welding ine diki ikozvino, diki mutsara simba inoderedza kupisa kupinza;
(3) Waya yakatetepa dhayamita, welding tsvimbo, isina swing, multi-layer multi-pass welding;
(4) Kumanikidzwa kutonhora kweiyo weld seam uye nzvimbo inopisa-inopisa kuderedza nguva yekugara pa450-850 ° C;
(5) Kudzivirirwa kweArgon kumashure kweTIG weld;
(6) Maweld anosangana nezvinoita ngura anozopedzisira aiswa weld;
(7) Passivation kurapwa kwe weld seam uye kupisa-yakakanganiswa nzvimbo.
3. Sei tichifanira kusarudza 25-13 dzakatevedzana welding waya uye electrode nokuda nomoto austenitic Stainless simbi, kabhoni simbi uye yakaderera alloy simbi (dissimilar simbi welding)?
Mhinduro: Welding dissimilar simbi welded majoini kubatanidza austenitic Stainless simbi nekabhoni simbi uye yakaderera alloy simbi, weld dhipoziti simbi anofanira kushandisa 25-13 akatevedzana nomoto waya (309, 309L) uye welding tsvimbo (Austenitic 312, Austenitic 307, etc.).
Kana imwe simbi isina tsvina inobatisa zvinhu zvinoshandiswa, martensitic chimiro uye kutonhora kutsemuka kuchaonekwa pamutsetse wekusanganisa padivi pekabhoni simbi uye yakaderera alloy simbi.
4. Sei simbi yakasimba yesimbi isina tsvina ichishandisa 98% Ar + 2% O2 inodzivirira gasi?
Mhinduro: Panguva yeMIG welding yewaya yakasimba yesimbi isina tsvina, kana argon gasi rakachena richishandiswa kudzivirira, kurwisana kwepamusoro kwedziva rakanyungudutswa kwakakwirira, uye weld haina kunyatsoumbwa, ichiratidza "humpback" weld shape.Kuwedzera 1 kusvika 2% okisijeni kunogona kuderedza kushushikana kwepasi kwedziva rakanyungudutswa, uye weld seam inotsvedzerera uye yakanaka.
5. Sei pamusoro pesimbi yakasimba isina simbi inonamira waya yeMIG weld ichishanduka kuita dema?Nzira yekugadzirisa sei dambudziko iri?
Mhinduro: Iyo MIG welding yekumhanyisa yesimbi yakasimba isina simbi yekukandira waya inokurumidza (30-60cm/min).Kana iyo inodzivirira gasi muromo yakamhanya kumberi kwechidziva chakanyungudutswa nzvimbo, weld seam ichiri munzvimbo dzvuku-kupisa kwepamusoro-tembiricha mamiriro, ayo ari nyore oxidized nemhepo, uye oxides inoumbwa pamusoro.Welds inhema.Iyo pickling passivation nzira inogona kubvisa ganda dema uye kudzoreredza yepakutanga pechiso ruvara rwesimbi isina tsvina.
6. Nei yakasimba Stainless Stainless welding waya ichida kushandisa pulsed power supply kuti iwane jet transition uye spatter-free welding?
Mhinduro: Kana yakasimba Stainless simbi waya MIG welding, φ1.2 welding waya, apo ikozvino I ≥ 260 ~ 280A, jeti shanduko inogona kuitika;iyo droplet ipfupi-yedunhu shanduko ine isingasviki kukosha uku, uye spatter yakakura, kazhinji isingakurudzirwe.
Chete nekushandisa iyo MIG simba rekupa ne pulse, iyo pulse droplet shanduko inogona kushandura kubva kudiki diki kuenda kune yakakura yakatarwa (sarudza iyo shoma kana yakanyanya kukosha zvinoenderana nedhayamita yewaya), spatter-isina welding.
7. Sei flux-cored Stainless steel welding wire yakachengetedzwa neCO2 gasi pachinzvimbo chepused power supply?
Mhinduro: Parizvino inowanzoshandiswa flux-cored Stainless steel welding wire (senge 308, 309, zvichingodaro), iyo welding flux formula muwaya yewelding inogadzirwa zvinoenderana neiyo welding kemikari metallurgical reaction pasi pekuchengetedzwa kweCO2 gasi, saka kazhinji. , hapana chikonzero che pulsed arc welding power supply ( Iyo magetsi ane pulse inoda kushandisa gasi yakasanganiswa), kana iwe uchida kupinda mushanduko yekudonha mberi, iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa pulse magetsi kana yakajairika gasi yakadzivirirwa welding modhi ne yakasanganiswa gasi welding.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-24-2023